Ten days into this challenge, and I’ve reached Book 4: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood. Published in 1985, this dystopian novel has become one of the most enduring and chilling works of speculative fiction. Atwood, who began writing at a young age, published her first novel The Circle Game in 1966, shortly after graduating from Victoria College at the University of Toronto. Though The Handmaid’s Tale is her second novel, it has arguably become her most iconic work, further popularized by the 1990 film adaptation and, more prominently, the long-running TV series.
Set in a bleak near-future, the novel imagines a United States that has collapsed after the highest levels of government are overthrown. A theocratic regime known as the “Sons of Jacob” seizes power and forms a new nation called the Republic of Gilead. Under this theoeconomic revolution, society is completely restructured—most notably, women are stripped of autonomy, rights, and personhood.
In Gilead, women are classified into rigid social castes, each assigned a specific uniform that reflects their role and status:
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Sky Blue – Wives of high-ranking officials. Though at the top of the female hierarchy, they remain under their husbands’ authority. Their color may symbolize the Virgin Mary, reflecting expected purity and virtue. Despite their status, many live in boredom, with domestic labor handled by the Marthas. They are not permitted to read or write and often take up passive hobbies like knitting or gardening to pass the time.
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White – Daughters of Commanders. They wear white until marriage, symbolizing chastity and innocence.
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Red – Handmaids, used solely for reproduction. Gilead justifies their existence by citing the biblical story of Jacob and his wives’ handmaids, Bilhah and Zilpah. These women are forced into sexual servitude, rotated among households to bear children for the elite.
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Brown – Aunts, older unmarried or infertile women who train and police the Handmaids. They are the only women permitted to read and hold a degree of authority, but they do so by perpetuating the regime's control.
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Green – Marthas, older infertile women who serve as domestic workers. The name refers to the biblical Martha from Luke 10, who busied herself with household duties while her sister listened to Jesus.
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Multicolored Stripes – Econowives, married to low-ranking men. They fulfill multiple roles: homemaker, companion, and child-bearer. Their striped dress reflects their multifaceted burdens.
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Black – Widows, typically wives or Econowives whose husbands have died. Their rarity implies that they may be exiled once deemed no longer useful.
This classification system breeds resentment and division. Marthas, Wives, and Econowives scorn the Handmaids, who are seen as impure or shameful. At the bottom of society are the Unwomen—those who are infertile, refuse to marry, or otherwise fail to conform. These women are exiled to toxic colonies or labor camps. Handmaids who fail to conceive after three placements are also condemned as Unwomen.
The story is told through the eyes of Offred, a Handmaid assigned to a Commander’s household. Her narration is subdued, but not without flickers of resistance. During a shopping trip, she overhears two Marthas gossiping and longs to join in—but refrains, knowing social barriers are enforced even in idle chatter. Her mind drifts to memories of her husband and daughter, suggesting her compliance is more survival than acceptance.
The world Atwood constructs is grim, Orwellian, and all too plausible. While 1984—published in 1949—imagined the future through totalitarian surveillance and censorship, The Handmaid’s Tale, released a year after that title’s namesake year, explores power through reproductive control and theological authoritarianism. Atwood was writing during a critical period in the women's rights movement. The 1980s saw growing advocacy around workplace harassment, reproductive rights, and legal protections for women. Against this backdrop, Atwood imagined a regime that turns back the clock—reducing women to property, trophies, or tools of the state.
So far, I’ve read six chapters, and already the emotional weight is palpable. This book feels like a warning—one that echoes across decades.